Sunday 16 October 2011

Introduction to Anapanasati

On its face, the simplest of things - follow the flow of the breath as it enters and leaves the body - is actually very challenging. Our fast-paced lives are usually characterised by short periods of partial attention then moving onto the next thing – much of it unfocussed. We really struggle to do more.

Try an experiment – set an alarm and spend 10 minutes giving your whole attention to only your breathing. Did you have any problems, intruding thoughts, bodily sensations, or emotions? The point is that we cannot really know something until we give it our complete attention.

There is nothing magical in choosing the breath, as there are many other possibilities. It’s simply that it is always available in any place, and it has no particular religious connotation. While it seems a simple process, breathing is actually very complex. Our job is to watch the normal breath as it naturally comes and goes for a set period of time. Any counting or other aid we use is only a tool to help us focus more strongly on the breath.

Choose a time which you can stick to each day. Find a quiet place where you will not be distracted. Until you get a sense for the length of each session, either set an alarm or have a clock in view. Sit comfortably with your back straight and hands in your lap so that you can maintain your position, remain alert and keep your air passages unobstructed for 20 to 30 minutes without stress. You can use a traditional posture, kneel or sit in a chair. At first, relax your face and muscles, gently close your eyes and stop thinking about your day.

In the first section, focus on your natural, gentle breathing and counting mentally after each breath, up to 10, and then starting over. If thoughts or distractions come up, let them gently subside without getting irritated and return to the breath, counting again from one.

In the second section, (another quarter of the full session) continue focussing on the breath, but mentally count before each inhalation up to 10, and then starting over.

In the third section, stop counting and simply observe the breath as it moves in a regular, unforced way into and out of the body. After three-quarters of the session has been completed, move onto the final section.

In the final section, focus precisely on the point the breath touches as it first enters the body. It will usually be the tip of the nostrils if we breathe through the nose, and it will remain constant. We notice the sensations here, not worrying about following the breath further into the body. Patiently and gently return to the breath when you become distracted, simply letting the thought go. Keep the face and eyes relaxed throughout.


At the end of the session, open the eyes gently and remain seated for a few moments. Try to keep some of the calm and concentration throughout the rest of the day. If you miss a session, just begin again at the next available time and avoid feeling guilty about it. You should take time to progress, understanding that developing calmness and concentration will require consistent effort.

Two Strands in Meditation Practice

By concentrating on a single object, samatha meditation aims at developing calmness, serenity and tranquillity. Other forms, usually called vipassanâ meditation, aim at gaining insight into the nature of existence. All of these developments result from a balanced meditation practice, since tranquil concentration is indispensable to the penetrative understanding of “the impermanency, unsatisfactoriness and impersonality of all material and mental phenomena of existence” (by Ven. Nyanatiloka).

The mental states (jhânas) which arise from samatha meditation offer a joyful path to the meditator. The initial technique will involve mindfulness of breathing (anapanasati) which builds greater calm and serenity. Then we move to cultivating the brahmaviharas (sublime abiding) of loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity using a series of inter-related techniques which are also part of the samatha grouping.

Seen as uniquely Buddhist, vipassanâ gives one the ability, through one’s own efforts, to see that all things are impermanent (anicca), basically unsatisfactory (dukkha) and not-Self (anatta). This insight means we no longer need to rely on others or scriptures, but know for ourselves. Two techniques will be explored. The first is clearly seeing the arising and ceasing of feelings through bodily observation, and the other is bringing the same clarity and mindfulness to all phenomena of which we become aware.

The Pali Canon notes “when one practices samatha followed by vipassanâ, the path arises”. This means that it is valuable to work with both approaches, as the Buddha’s own example shows.

Finally, one should not let meditation work end on the cushion. The benefits of the practice should flow into our lives and relationships. Our actions will become more informed by kindness, respect and compassion, and our daily activities will become more balanced and appropriate to the reality of our situation.

Starting Out in Meditation



There is more to the Buddhist Path than meditation alone. However, if one is seeking enlightenment it is central to it. The principle concern of the Buddha was for us to open our own eyes to the reality of our existence in the world and to do what is necessary to be forever released from all forms of suffering. This awakening can begin through meditation.

Much of our daily life is played out thoughtlessly, without awareness, on auto-pilot. We act but we don’t always look at our motivations or the consequences of our actions. As a result, suffering, unsatisfactoriness and stress are brought into our lives, and our relationships become tainted by anger, hurt and jealousy. Our self-image also becomes distorted. By training the mind through meditation we develop greater awareness, we can begin living consciously and changing our relationship with the world around us, as well as discovering our own true nature. Importantly, we become kinder, more compassionate, joyful and balanced people.

There is also more than one way to meditate, so the choice of a single technique or a combination of techniques is up to each individual. However, it is best to avoid mixing in more than one approach per sitting. The suggestions here are based on the teachings of the Buddha in the Pali Canon, and have been in use ever since and are part of a living tradition. If you feel that techniques that have helped others are also reasonably likely to help you, that is enough to proceed.

Time spent meditating is quality time. Starting out, one could consider a 20 to 30 minute session each day, then gradually increase it as circumstances allow. Eventually after many months, two daily sessions of 30 to 60 minutes would be beneficial.

The benefits of meditation will start appearing soon after taking up regular practice. In time, with patience and belief, these will blossom into real wisdom and incredible calmness and joy. Truly mastering a form of meditation will take a number of years for most people.
It is true that there are many ways to meditate, and many schools offering different approaches. Whatever choices one makes, it is essential to put in commitment, discipline and effort, since nothing worthwhile is achieved without these. So, while being gentle, be persistent too.

Wednesday 12 October 2011

Planned Future Posts

Over coming weeks and months I plan to include summaries of texts, images, audio and video files representing my encounter with the teachings of the late Buddhadasa Bhikkhu.

For me he has been one of the most influential thinkers in building an understanding of the Dhamma. His approach to being a Buddhist monk and handling the challenges of life has been an inspiration to me as well as countless other students of the Buddha.

I also plan to publish my notes while I was studying the basic doctrines of early Buddhism with the IBC of Thailand in 2009 and from my meditation program in 2010 with the Vipassana Fellowship of London .

Monday 10 October 2011

My Other Tweets to Date

RT @dhammalinks: Remember to be kind and have compassion for your self today. _/_ I need to remember this too. 3 Oct via HootSuite
RT @theradhamma: With giving, we can let go of greed. With patience, we can dissolve hatred. With wisdom, we can sweep away ignorance. 24 Jun via HootSuite
When I take the time just to be me, I'm doing the world a favour, not just myself. 21 Mar via HootSuite
Remembering the art of living & taking time out for discovery. RT @tinybuddha: In Defense of Wasting Time http://bit.ly/if5oIJ 21 Mar via HootSuite
RT @theradhamma: In the wise and gentle heart lies the strength to change the world. 21 Mar via HootSuite
RT @wanderingdhamma: A report on the new Buddhadasa Bhikkhu Archives in Bangkok: http://wanderingdhamma.wordpress.com/ Wonderful resource! 24 Dec via HootSuite
Reading: Deepak Chopra "Buddha - A Story of Enlightenment" http://ht.ly/2WSrP 21 Oct via HootSuite
RT @sujato: A Swift Pair of Messengers: http://wp.me/pGkVs-af Incisive examination of Buddhist meditation's two main approaches. 21 Jul 10 via HootSuite
RT @RevDannyFisher: Bhikkhu Bodhi: “Towards an Integral Model of Buddhism”: http://bit.ly/9hfRBB 30 Jun 10 via Twitter for iPhone
@DhammaLinks If there is actually 'no self' then what is a 'who's who' in Buddhist terms? Perhaps a 'no-one's nobody'? lol 20 Jun 10 via web
RT @BuddhistBuzz: Bhikkhu Bodhi - Intro to Buddhism - Free Download: http://bit.ly/aNL2id Highly recommended, scholarly, good listening mp3 18 Jun 10 via HootSuite
@monkforamonth God/no God speculation irrelevant to overcoming dukkha and reaching Nibbana, so we should let it go. It's not useful. 30 May 10 via HootSuite
@monkforamonth Also, I thought gods were impermanent & subject to change/dukkha. If true, how come this God's been around so long? 29 May 10 via HootSuite
@monkforamonth Buddha also taught life is coming together of 5 aggregates. Didn't think it an act of creation by God. Sounds more Christian! 29 May 10 via HootSuite
@ monkforamonth Don't get how DL can say this life is created by God? Buddha taught can't see beginning of samsara; no soul; impermanence. 29 May 10 via HootSuite
@Buddhism_Now Yes! Questions about "I" are based on a misunderstanding of our nature & our task. Great tweets! 22 May 10 via HootSuite
@newsbuddhism What has God (Kansas City Star) have to do with Buddhism? We should not propagate ignorance - there's enough around already. 20 May 10 via HootSuite
RT @DhammaLinks: HH 17th Karmapa to reinstate full female ordination in Tibetan tradition http://ht.ly/1LvOX. Come on Theravada! #buddhist 16 May 10 via HootSuite
RT @Buddhism_Now: If you want to see the nature of impermanence, buy a bar of chocolate. Zen Graffiti. Sweet wisdom! 15 May 10 via HootSuite
Ajahn Brahm’s response to ‘The Time Has Come’ - A little while ago i posted the new article called The Time Has Com... http://ow.ly/17kxKk 11 May 10 via HootSuite
RT @DhammaLinks: RT @nessie111: Change is inevitable, except from a vending machine. 2 May 10 via HootSuite
Pls sign petition to preserve Lumbini (Buddha's birthplace) & wld. heritage site. Go to http://bit.ly/9y0FWT. Sent from http://bit.ly/cZStAC 21 Apr 10 via web
@Buddhism_Now Depends on meaning of "Dharma". If mean universal laws revealed by Buddha, then yes. If mean TV, MY,VY scriptures, then ???. 8 Apr 10 via NutshellMail
@sujato Re Buddhist jokes. How about a Zen joke: What is the difference between a duck? 7 Apr 10 via web
Seeks non-ethnically oriented, non-metaphysical, lay-centred Buddhist group based on original core Pali teachings for Westerners. Thoughts? 24 Mar 10 via web
@Buddhism_Now Buddhist theory of causation says that every thing must have preconditions for its existence. (Gunasekara, in Basic Buddhism) 19 Mar 10 via twitgether
@Buddhism_Now Am I wrong, or does Buddhism teach that there was no beginning? I thought this was a Christian concept. Please clarify for me. 18 Mar 10 via twitgether
@sudam09 @joe_bower Actually ignorance only builds ignorance in the individual concerned. Don't forget we each have the ability to chose. 3 Mar 10 via Seesmic Web
How about that first breath as we wake up and gain awareness in the morning? Isn't that worth a short time in mindfulness? 26 Feb 10 via Netvibes

Who was Buddhadasa? Why is he Influential?

I would have to say Ajahn Buddhadasa (1906-1993) is one of my favourite Buddhist writers. 

Buddhadasa Bhikkhu ("Slave of the Buddha") remains perhaps the most influential Buddhist teacher in the history of Thailand.

He went forth  as a monk in 1926, at the age of 20. After a few years of study in Bangkok, he was inspired to live close to nature to investigate the Buddha-Dhamma as the Buddha had done. He established Suan Mokkh ("The Garden of Liberation") in 1932 near his hometown in southern Thailand. At the time it was one of the few places dedicated to vipassana meditation and the only forest Dhamma centre in the region.

He worked painstakingly to establish and explain the correct and essential principles of pristine Buddhism based on extensive research of the Pali texts, especially the Buddha's discourses (sutta pitaka), followed by personal experiment and practice with these teachings. From this, he uncovered the Dhamma which truly quenches dukkha, and which he in turn shared with anyone interested. His goal was to produce a complete set of references for present and future research and practice and his approach was always scientific, straightforward, and practical.

Although his formal education was limited to seven years, plus some preliminary Pali studies, he has been given eight Honorary Doctorates by Thai universities, and numerous Doctoral theses have been written about his work. His books fill a room at the National Library and influence all serious Thai Buddhists.

He studied all schools of Buddhism and all major religious traditions. He had a practical rather than scholarly interest - to unite all genuinely religious people (those working to overcome selfishness) to work together for world peace. He drew friends and students worldwide, including Christians, Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs.
His other projects included an International Dhamma Hermitage where foreigners could study and practice in English, retreats in Thai, a small training centre for foreign monks, and the Dhamma Mata project to raise the status of women through better opportunities and support in Buddhist monastic life and meditation practice.

Ajahn Buddhadasa died at Suan Mokkh on July 8, 1993. 

On Vegetarianism

As in all things, in the absence of direct guidance it’s up to the individual to make their own decisions about what is skilful and what is not.
I would like to make these points:
(1) As Bodhipaksa notes, a distinction is made in Buddhist thought between sentient and non-sentient beings and how they should be regarded. For example, there is certainly no ethical dilemma for Buddhists in eating plants and vegetables.
(2) At the same time it is clear that the Buddha ate meat, so his example and circumstances should be given some consideration in developing our own thinking.
(3) Boycotting those involved in the meat industry is seen by many as a logical extension of the First Precept against killing. However, please recall that the Precepts themselves are not commandments but guides to skilful actions.
(4) While guidelines for monks and nuns are not binding on lay followers, they do provide useful aids for making our own decisions, and so should not be dismissed out of hand just because they don’t suit our argument. Sure, we don’t have to be celibate either, but the aims of avoiding dukkha and of having the best possible conditions for meditation which underly this ideal, are things we can all benefit from and consider in the way we enjoy our sexuality as lay people.
(5) In traditional Buddhist countries, very few people are vegetarian, though they do appreciate the value of vegetarianism, and at least on poya or uposatha days avoid meat.
(6) It might be better for the lives of more cattle, etc if greater energy was focused on educating others of the benefits of avoiding meat, after all, Buddhists in Western countries are a very small part of the population.
(7) If we do decide to be vegetarian it helps to look at our motivation as well. How much of the decision is related to compassion and kindness and how much to our own ego? As in all decisions, the purity of our intention matters too.

Posted at http://dhammabum.wordpress.com/2010/06/26/buddhadasa-bhikkhu-on-vegetarianism/#comment-322

Handbook for Mankind - Tweeted Version

Tweets from “Handbook for Mankind” originally written by Ajahn Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu, the famous Thai Buddhist monk who belonged to the forest tradition and founded Suan Mokkh, an international meditation retreat centre. (Thai: พุทธทาสภิกขุ, May 27, 1906 - May 25, 1993)

Between September and December 2010 I sent just over 70 tweets summarising the main points from the book. I was both an experiment in reducing a text to bite-size pieces and a way of gaining a deeper understanding of this important document. Though I didn't tweet the whole book, I hope what I did send gave my readers some of the essence of its message.

1 Buddhism is a means of conquering birth, aging, pain and death, and destroying mental defilements.
2 The Buddha discovered how to conquer human fears, a practical method for eliminating suffering.
3 "Buddhism" means "the Teaching of the Enlightened One."
4 A Buddha is an enlightened individual who knows the truth about all things.
5 A Buddha knows "what is what" and behaves appropriately regarding all things.
6 Buddhism is based on intelligence, science & knowledge to destroy suffering & its source. A
7 Paying homage to sacred objects via rites & rituals, making offerings, praying is not Buddhism.
8 To attain liberation we first examine things closely to come to know & understand their true nature.
9 Buddhism sets no store by making libations of holy water, or any externals, spirits or celestial beings.
10 Rather, Buddhism depends on reason & insight; it doesn't demand conjecture or supposition.
11 Buddhism demands we act in line with our own insight, not take any other's word for anything.
12 Religion is a many-sided thing. Many look at it from the wrong angle, & Buddhism is no exception.
13 Buddhism: a practical method of liberating self from suffering by realising true nature of things.
14 Ceremonies like setting up trays of food as offerings don't fit with Buddhist principles.
15 The Dharma, now so overlaid by ceremony, has been obscured, falsified & changed.
16 Some are attracted to Buddhism for its moral teaching: harmony, honesty, gratitude, good, merit.
17 Some see Buddhism as truth: knowing emptiness, transience, non-self, dukkha, way to end of suffering.
18 Some see Buddhism as religion: practice morality, concentration, insight, release from suffering.
19 Some see Buddhism as psychology: describing the nature of the mind in remarkable detail.
20 Some see Buddhism as scientific: that is verifiable by clear experimental proof using introspection.
21 Some see Buddhism as culture, some aspects held in common, others better & higher than other cultures
22 Of these, the one a real Buddhist should take most interest in is Buddhism as religion.
23 Look at Buddhism as direct practical method to gain knowledge of true nature of things.
25 At very least see Buddhism as art of living – being a skilful and competent human being living well.
26 We need to develop “Three Lustres” - moral purity, tranquil & steady mind, wisdom & clear insight.
27 As our guide to living, Buddhism brings spiritual cheer & joy, disperses depression & disillusionment.
28 One who organises life in accordance with Buddhist Art of Living is victor over all things about them.
29 Victory over animals, people, possessions is genuine bliss.
30 Buddha Dhamma will enrapture & nourish a mind that has developed a taste for it.
31 Real Buddhism is not books, manuals, repetition of formulas, rites or rituals.
32 Real Buddhism is practice via body, speech & mind that destroys the defilements.
33 Morality stops short of eliminating craving, aversion & delusion, so can't do away with suffering.
34 Buddhism aims at eliminating various kinds of suffering attendant on birth, aging, pain & death.
35 Buddhism is system leading to organised practical understanding of true nature of things - “what is what”.
36 To know how things really are in all clarity is to attain the “Fruit of the Path”.
37 Knowing “what is what” means disenchantment with things takes the place of fascination.
38 When we know “what is what” deliverance from suffering comes about automatically.
39 Seeing all things as impermanent, unsatisfactory & not selves, there's nothing worth attaching ourselves to.
40 Realising nothing's worth attaching selves to, there's a slipping free from their controlling power.
41 Essentially the Buddha's teaching is nothing but knowledge of “what is what” i.e. true nature of things.
42 First Noble Truth which points out all things are suffering tells us precisely what things are like.
43 But we fail to realise all things are a source of suffering & so we desire them.
44 If we knew all as source of suffering, not worth desiring/grasping at, we'd be sure not to desire them.
45 Second Noble Truth points out that desire is the cause of suffering.
46 People desire this, that & the other simply because they don't understand nature of desire.
47 3rd Noble Truth points out freedom from suffering, Nirvana consists in complete extinguishing of desire.
48 People don't realise Nirvana can be attained at any time/place, soon as desire's completely extinguished.
49 Not knowing facts of life, people not interested in extinguishing desire, nor Nirvana.
50 4th Noble Truth is Path i.e. the method for extinguishing desire.
51 People don't recognise it as very point of support, their foothold to be reinforced.
52 People not interested in Noble Path which is a most horrifying piece of ignorance.
53 We can see 4 Noble Truths tell us clearly just “what is what” & Noble Path is the most precious thing.
54 All phenomena arise as result of causes; by eliminating causes, all phenomena may be brought to end.
55 Nil's permanent, just effects arising from causes, developing through them & ceasing with their cessation.
56 All phenomena are merely products of causes.
57 World's just perpetual flux of natural forces incessantly interacting & changing.
58 Buddhism points out all things are devoid of any self entity.
59 All just perpetual flux of change so inherently unsatisfactory as lacking freedom & subject to causality.
60 Unsatisfactoriness ends when process stops; this happens when the causes are eliminated.
61 Thus all things just appearances, so shouldn't be fooled into liking/disliking them.
62 Rendering mind truly free involves escaping completely from causal chain by eliminating causes.
63 Buddha became monk to answer what is suffering, its cause & what is freedom from it.
64 To attain perfect & right knowledge of “what is what” is ultimate in skill – and aim of Buddhism.
65 Another important teaching is 3 characteristics – impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, non-selfhood.
66 Saying all things r impermanent = all things change perpetually, nothing is unchanged even for an instant.
67 Saying all things r unsatisfactory = all inherently have property of conducing 2 suffering & torment.
68 That all r not selves = in nothing at all is an entity we might regard as its “self” or call “its own”.
69 If we grasp or cling to things the result is bound to be suffering.
70 Things r more dangerous than fire, since we can see fire & keep away, while things are fire we can't see.
71 Thus we go about voluntarily picking up handfuls of fire, which is inevitably painful.

A Beginning

Thank you for joining me here. 

Right now I'm not sure exactly where it will go, but I do know that it will be about my experiences, thoughts, studies and impressions of Buddhism and the world from a Buddhist perspective.

You will soon see where I've been and the path I'm following. We will explore this landscape together.

Most importantly, for myself and for you, I will post new material here not found elsewhere in the same format.

Please take the opportunity to look through and give me some feedback. It will be a journey for both of us.

Best wishes, Greg.