Paramis
are ‘perfections’ or qualities developed and brought to maturity by Bodhisattas
during their past experiences, and they lead to Buddhahood.
There are ten Paramis in
the Theravada tradition:
Dana Parami – perfection
in giving, generosity
Sila Parami – perfection
in virtue, morality
Nekkhamma Parami –
renunciation of sensual pleasures
Panna Parami – wisdom,
understanding, insight
Viriya Parami – energy,
effort (physical and mental)
Khanti Parami – patience,
endurance, tolerance, non-violence
Sacca Parami –
truthfulness, gentle speech
Adhitthana Parami –
resolution, strong determination, will-power
Metta Parami – universal
love, loving-kindness, goodwill
Upekkha Parami –
equanimity, impartiality
The
ten perfections vary in intensity and magnitude with respect to the three
different types of Bodhi (enlightenment), ranging from least intense (Arahat)
to most intensive (Sammasambodhi). They also vary according to the number of
times they are fulfilled, ranging from once (Arahat), twice (Pacceka) to thrice
(Sammasambodhi).
